This course will examine developments in architecture and design beginning in the mid-nineteenth century and continuing to the present day.  Emphasis will be on architecture of the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries.  A variety of competing styles and expressions of modernism will be presented in opposition to the progressive narrative of the International Style (as defined by Alfred Barr, Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock in the MoMA exhibition of 1932).  Themes of the course will include: architectural responses to industrialization and mechanized production; architectural treatment of materials such as glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; architectural practice and education after the École des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus; and Nationalism and Internationalism in design.  This course will emphasize building in the U.S. and Europe.